Operations management assignment free essay sample

Based on the data provided: China is the most economical location to product the items having lower labor cost of $0. 44 per unit. B) Considering both labor and transportation cost, which is the most favorable production location? Data: Transportation cost and labor cost per unit LOCATION (amount per unit)+ (transportation cost)TOTAL COST Cambodia$. 45 + $1. 50/unit$1. 95 China$. 44 + $1. 00/unit$1. 44 Billings, Montana$1. 20 + $. 25/unit$1. 45 Based on the data provided: China is the most favorable production location based on labor and transportation cost of $1. 44. per unit. Problem No. 2 Analyze bids for 200 polished disk used in solar panels. Data: BIDS FOR 200 SOLAR PANEL DISK COMPANYBIDBID AMOUNT IN DOLLARS Thailand Polishing2000 baht ($1=10 baht$200. 00 India Shine2000 rupee ($1=8 rupee)$250. 00 Sacramento Glow$200. 00$200. 00 a)Company to choose: Thailand Polishing and Sacramento Glow having lower bids of $200. 00 each compare to $250. 00 bid of India Shine. b)If final destination is New Delhi, India and there is 30% import tax, which firm should you choose? BIDS FOR 200 SOLAR PANEL DISK COMPANYLocation30% import taxTotal cost (bid) + (30% import tax)Total amount Thailand PolishingThailandyes0. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations management assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 00 + $60. 00$260. 00 India ShineIndiano$250. 00 + $0$250. 00 Sacramento GlowSacramentoyes$200. 00 + $60. 00$260. 00 India Shine is the best firm to choose if the final destination of the product is New Delhi India since no import tax will be paid, thus having the lowest cost.

International Management Group

International Management Group International Management Group is a business venture that was rapidly expanding with Southeast Asia being its latest phase of tremendous growth. Its founder and president Mark McCormack was reflecting on the journey the company had taken to become one of the most popular group in the entire globe.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on International Management Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As for the year 2000, the corporation’s market value of American sports stood at $200 billion and with this making it the nation’s eleventh largest industry. Among IMGs achievements was the fact that the business was a representative of talented and powerful athletes. These include tennis players Venus and Serena Williams and golf superstar Tiger Woods. In an effort to develop, the company had ventured in to other kinds of business such as owning and managing sporting events, television production, operating sp orts training academies, and engaging in other businesses apart from sports related ones. At the age, of 71 years, McCormack was on the verge of preparing for retirement, but, this was not the main issue at hand. The first issue was for the founder and president of IMG- McCormack to prepare the following board on ways to add value to the company’s clients and strengthen the company’s competitive position. The company having already broadened its scope of business the next crucial step is to maintain and preserve the current clients. At the same, the business needs to attract more top talent to the business. The new leadership that will come in place together with the current administration should focus on bringing on board more sports celebrities. This recruitment will be an indication of their excellent work and development. For instance, bringing on board other top golfers aside from Tiger Woods will be beneficial to the company, as it will enhance their credentials. Sports and musical fields are areas that grow with time meaning that today Tiger Woods could be the greatest golfer, but, in the next two years, someone else will have the title. Having some top golfers on board will broaden their scope of activities and, therefore, maintain the company on the market. On the other hand, restricting the size and diversity of IMG’s portfolio will only work against the company’s already popular name.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are several competitors in the sports market for instance; the formation of Octagon was through merger of Advantage and API and its time IMG cemented its roots by employing various management tools. For instance, re- structuring the company’s management team will help boost the business’s idea, as most people will be on the management board. Since the business is focu sing on expansion and growth through venturing in to other businesses, it is essential that it consider obtaining highly trained and experienced specialists who will be responsible for guiding the business team in the other areas of business. For instance, the thought of venturing in to a new sport apart from golf and tennis will call for experienced people in those fields that the founder McCormack is not familiar. The employment of experienced people will minimize cases of agents stealing clients, as was the case in 1999 when agent Jeffrey Schwartz quit IMG and left with three tennis stars. Experienced legal firms with specialization in entertainment and sports contracts would have been critical in the above situation. The re-structuring of the business management will allow other people to contribute towards the administration of the business and avoid the aspect of the company trying to work out everything on its own. In as much as the venturing into other sports is a questionab le step, the company will take necessary measures to ensure there is no divergence of interests in its services. This will avoid cases such as the 1991 lawsuit by Dorothy Hamill. The expansion approach that the IMG has taken by exploring untapped international market in sports and entertainment will sustain the company in the business for another longer period. The broader the business it enters in the international market the more they require highly trained and experienced specialists to help them handle the international business affairs.

Last Minute Guide to Cramming for the ACT 10 Tips

Last Minute Guide to Cramming for the ACT 10 Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is upon us, and it seems fair to assume (since you're reading this article) that you're under-prepared. If you've got less than three weeks before the exam and haven't really studied yet, you're officially cramming for the ACT. Now, if you're willing and able to put in some 60 hours of preparation before the test, take a moment to read our cram plan for those very circumstances. If that doesn't sound realistic for your circumstances, though, read on to discover the most useful strategies you can employ to get up to speed on the test in a pinch. We'll cover tips specific to each part of the test, as well as some global advice on topics like guessing and keeping a level head on test day. General Guidance:Work Hard, Rest Well It's important to put serious, committed effort into cramming for the ACT.You should go all out on the test, and you need to practice what that's really like. Plus, with limited time, you need to work especially hard to make the most of your studying. However, it's important to take care of yourself, too.A day or two before the test, slow down the pace. Don't stop preparation altogether, but focus on recuperating from the past several days of pushing so hard. Focus on getting good sleep. It takes more than just one night to catch up on those z's, and fatigue is not your friend on test day. Pay attention to your mindset. As cheesy as this may sound, ask yourself whether you're looking at the test through the lens of a glass half-empty or a glass half-full. Remember, this is an opportunity to excel at the test. Pay attention to your stress level, too. Nerves are healthy- they can give us the adrenaline we need to complete Herculean tasks. Pure stress is less helpful- it freezes us up and tears us down. Finally, take a realistic view of the test. It's important; I'm definitely not denyingthat. However, it's not a matter of life and death- so don't treat it like one. Wear your reality goggles when you look at the test. Preparation Strategies Let's talk about some specific, actionable steps to take between now and the test. #1: Take a Practice Test This is a crucial step; taking a practice testwill help you get used to the format and directions of the test, not to mention practice the content. You don't want to spend a lot of time sorting through instructions on test day, so use the practice test to work out any kinks. Also, knowing what you're up against on the test will help ease the anxiety you're likely to feel. For every answer you get wrong, take the time to read the explanation ofwhy that answer is wrong. This is an important first step towards understanding the way the test-makers think. Use your performance on each section to determine which task (English, Math, Reading, Science, or Writing) is your weakest. Focus your energy there. #2: Practice, Practice, and Practice Some More Practice with sample problems, and drill the ones that are a challenge for you. That being said, don't burn yourself out; try to situate yourself in the sweet spotof studying, between about one andthreehours a day(on average). There's more information on what to practice and drill as we continue on below. Mostly, though, try to use as many official practice materials as you can. #3: English - Review the Basic Rules of English Review some basic grammar rules, including: Punctuation marks (and how they function) Basic sentence structures (and how they function) Parts of speech (and how they function) Now, it's all about how these concepts are put into practice. You won't be asked to parrot rules; you'll be asked to apply them to passages in context. As an experiment, take a text that you trust to be error-free, and work through part of it, identifying what's going on with the punctuation, structure, etc. That's "English" the language, not "English" the nationality. #4: Reading- Immerse Yourself in Literature Read (a lot). This doesn't have to mean holing up with a giant volume for hours on end- just keep reading on hand for spare moments throughout the day. Don't read just any old thing, though- Calvin and Hobbes is sadly not going to help. Read material that feels a little tough- newspapers, academic journals, challenging books, etc. Iknow you know how to read; that's not the issue. The question is your level of comfort with being immersed in a difficult text and your willingness to reach beyond your comfort zone. I've acted Shakespeare professionally, and it still takes me a little time to adjust to the language I'm hearing when I go see a Shakespearean play. That's because I'm not immersed in it every single day; it would be a different matter if I were. By loose analogy, getting regularly cozy with tricky writing leading up to the ACT will save you some discomfort on test day. Read critically and analytically, not passively. Engage with the text- ask questions, look for answers, and make observations. This is the quickest path to understanding a text on the level the ACT requires. The test is going to ask you questions that require more than a once-over, surface-level familiarity with the text, so, again, you'll be glad to be comfortable with the literary delving process on test day. #5: Math- Get to KnowYour Formulas The ACT, unlike the SAT, does not give you any kind of formula list- so get memorizing. The more complex geometric formulas will be given to you in the context of the question- but the bulk of it all you need to provide on your own. Memorize at least themost crucial formulas, and make sure you know how to apply them. #6: Science - Find Scientific Writing to Analyze Don't worry about cramming actual scientific facts and data- you should be more concerned with being able to interpret the facts and data being given to you. Read scientific publications with a decent reputation (like Popular Science), and spend extra time poring over all thecharts and graphs that you find. Beyond that, keep up the pace with drilling practice passages. #7: Writing - Debate, on Paper or in Person Outlining samples essays is, as one might suspect, golden. If, however, you just can't take any more silent, individual activity, try setting up a debate with fellow crammers- or even other friends or family members, if they're willing. It's a great way to get instant feedback on your ideas! The Writing test is all about argument, and learning how to articulate ideas clearly and effectively is of the utmost importance. Keep your debates civil, now. ACT Test-Taking Tips Cramming is a journey all its own, but don't forget that nothing's over until you turn in that test. Here are some ideas on how to get through test day. #8: Warm Up on the Morning Of Wake up early, giving yourself plenty of time to get ready and arrive at the test center. Take a moment to do a warm-up problem or two. Don't cram any more, but review a particularly nasty problem you've mastered or try a moderately difficult question that you haven't seen yet. This will warm your brain up a little- get the cobwebs out- without taxing it by tryingto cram more information in. #9: Mind Your Mindset Talk to yourself in a positive and supportive manner. Visualize what's going to happen over the course of themorning, and visualize yourself coming through with flying colors. #10: Guess When You Don't Know the Answer The ACT doesn't have a guessing penalty; a wrong answer won't gain you points, but it won't actually lose you any points, either. Do all the questions you're confident in. Next, make educated guesses where possible. Finally, put down answers for everything you're completely lost on. Take a moment now to read some additional guessing strategies prepared by our experts. Conclusion So there you have it: the techniques you need to cram your way to test day with the ACT. We've seen the importance of practicing as much as possible while maintaining a reasonable balance of work and self-care in your life. We've seen tips for each category on the test, and we've also covered test day do's and don't's. One of the biggest things left to say is: don't get stuck cramming if you can avoid it. If at all possible, think about taking the test again when you've had more time to prepare in a traditional fashion. Take it leisurely, next time around. What's Next? If you've read this and you're thinking you want to rely almost solely on the practice test side of things, check out our twenty-hour guide to prepping with mock exams. However you prepare, we here at PrepScholar wish you the best of luck on this test.If, though, it doesn't go as well as it might, we hope to see you back here as you prepare for the next one. One article that might come in handy covers your options with a low score. Don't think it's all over; you've got a few different paths you can take. For a morale boost, there's also our article examining whether your ACT scores really predict your future success.

Rhetorical Problem Solving Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical Problem Solving - Case Study Example Additionally, for last quarter the sales dropped by 5%, when he goes for lunch he sometimes fails to report back to work and for the last one month Mason has been absent for seven days. Mason has reached his retirement years at sixty-two, but he has refused to retire voluntarily. He looks forward to retiring after three more years of work when he will be sixty-five years. However, Doakes has pointed out that Mason has been diligent on his duties all along until recently. His public relations have also been excellent before. Mason has been grooming Doakes to take his place when he retires, and this also explains the reason the recommendation job had to be given to me. My solution to this problem is to make Doakes assume Mason’s responsibilities, leave Mason’s salary as it is today and raise Doakes’ salary. One of the quickest solutions to this problem would be to retire him against his wishes, but this would be unfair to Mason because he has been of great service to the company for the last twenty-five years. His experience and loyalty for all those years is enough reason to keep him for extra three years. It is worthwhile noting that corporate social responsibility starts from the internal practice. Dealing with employees harshly or ignoring the feelings of the community hits companies very hard down the line. It is necessary that the company maintains good relationship with its workers, make the long-time serving workers feel valued as part of the company. While not every employee’s wishes will be respected in terms of extending their terms, Mason’s case is a special one and it has to be dealt with every caution possible with the fact that he has been very instrumental to the company for years. Am interested in knowing reason for Mason’s stay in the business for three extra years. It could be that he needs the salary, or he needs to complete a project he began. For either reason, it is for the best interest of the

China's Air pollution Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

China's Air pollution - Term Paper Example In this situation, China is faced with a major debate. The country is one of the highest contributors of environmental pollution; particularly the air. The air is an important part of human life and it is an established belief that the microscopic particles that people inhale while breathing can potentially cause serious damage to their health. The amount of damage is dependent on the level of concentration of pollutants in the air. These pollutants are emitted in to the environment through various industrial and economic activities, which in turn increases the concentration level of pollutants in the air. There are a number of factors that affect the relationship between emission of pollutants and their concentration in the air. However, it is a commonly agreed notion that the emissions are an outcome of increased level of industrial activities in the economy, or in other words, the level of development activities that take place in the economy (Matus, et al., â€Å"Health Damages from Air Pollution in China†). Among the factors affecting the level of pollution in the air, site is very important. Certain places are the key source of emission; such as the center of the cities, and exclusive industrial belts. These areas are most populous; increased proximity to these regions affects meteorological conditions more than the other areas in the country, which in turn determines the extent of environmental damage. Secondly, the characteristics of the source such as the emission temperature and the velocity of emission affect the rate at which level of air pollution increases. Thirdly, physical dimension of the pollutant particles interferes in the level of impact cast on health condition of human beings. Hence the particle size of matter is an important factor in determining air pollution in the country. Not only are the humans sufferers of this environmental condition, other animals are also adversely affected in this environmental degradation (Ho, â€Å"Ai r pollution in China†). The Economic reform China’s economy has been reflecting massive growth rates since the past two decades. During this period China has undergone economic reforms and is now considered one of the world’s fastest growing economies. The per capita income of the citizens in the country has been growing at the astonishing rate of 9% in 2011 (Mendez, â€Å"Chinese Economic Development and Pollution†). China has been ranked as the third largest country that take part in the international trade. It comes immediately after United States of America and Japan. This economic reform in the country is the main reason that has pushed China to the position in the international sphere. Increasing importance of the economy in world trade has transformed the economy into a global powerhouse. There has been emergence of new factories and overall rate of productive activities in the country has rocketed. These industries obtain their primary supply of en ergy from the reserves of coal possessed by China. Energy is produced by burning this coal, which emits huge amount of carbon particles in the air. This implies that urbanization and development of the Chinese economy has also led it on the path of making significant contribution towards degradation of the environment.

Casino And Gaming Management Tourism Essay

Casino And Gaming Management Tourism Essay In the report, we will introduce a brief history casinos in Victoria Australia, and then, the current state of casino gaming and internal description of casinos will be shown. The advantage and disadvantage of casinos will be discussed in the surrounding community. There is no double that gambling is one of the most popular games in the world. Generally speaking, casino can be found in anywhere in the world. Therefore casino is not only an entertainment place for people but also relevant to the hospitality industry and it is as well as a significant aspect contained by the national finance and economics. Consequently this article will be focus on a casino which is it is in Melbourne and introduce their history, the impacts on casino, the internal description of casino and the advantages and disadvantages of the casino. After that, people will know more about the casino (Crown) in Melbourne. The first legal casino which is wrest point hotel casino locates in Tasmania Australia in 1973, and then government allowed to set up Darwin casino in northern territory in 1979. Focus on 1980s, gold coast, Queensland and Adelaide also opened their first casino at that time. In addition, in 1990s, there are much more casinos opened than before such as Casino in Canberra; star city casino in Sydney and reef hotel casino in cairns Queensland. From 1994 to 1997, Melbourne also was running the first casino Crown casino. In these years, there are 13 casinos in each state and territory of Australia which are running their business, maintain their legislation and policy. These casinos are not only operating in gambling places, but also in hotels, accommodations and entertainment place. Therefore Australia has great economic benefit and employment by these casinos. Current state of casino gaming: Crown casino and entertainment complex is located in Melbourne of the Yarra River, and attracting on average 16 million tourists every year, so it is absolutely one of the largest casinos in Australia. Thus Crown casino is a paradise for gambling, because they are only provide kinds of table gaming such as blackjack, Texas Holdem, craps, baccarat, roulette, Caribbean Stud poker and so on, but also has more than 2,500 slot machines and 350 gaming tables alarming. According to Herald Sun reports, gamblers would lose 100.002 Australian dollars in table game and slot machine each hour. Meanwhile Crown hotel provide many non-gaming services, such as hotel, restaurant, cinema, theatre shows and shopping. Consequently this hotel becomes a centre of entertainment of Melbourne. Casino managers have estimated that one-third of the money from overseas visitors and they have lost 60 million. Consequently the Victoria government as much as 3.13 billion tax from casino and help the government budg et has a surplus. The pokie tax increases 1.7 percent each year for six years beginning this year, resulting in a total tax increase of 10.3 percent by 2015. The full tax will be 32.57 percent at that time. The change will bring more than a$60 million to the government over the next four years and add more than 300 jobs at Crown. (Global Gaming Business, 2009) However, Crown casino like any other casinos, they dont allow people go into the casino if they under 18 and office signs this note in every entrance. Customers should be identified by entry point staff at all entrance 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In addition, Crown casino set up a Responsible Gaming Support Centre (RGSC), which is responsible to be tasked with implementing Crowns responsible service of gambling initiatives and providing a focal point for interacting with customers who may need support. Future capital works projects: Crown Melbourne spends $300 million to build a new hotel on the casino site in 2010. The new hotel will provide 658 rooms and accommodate 340 000 guests every year; 50 exhibition booths, 7 state of the art conference-meeting rooms and an 800-seat Plenary Hall. Crown casino will also upgrade the facilities including live entertainment, restaurants, lighting and color schemes. Therefore the new project will create significant economic benefit for Crown and Melbourne. Casino industry description of Australia: Since 1973, casino has become an important part in Australians life. Therefore in order to attract the visitors to game in their place, besides the existing 13 casinos, the expenditure of casinos grew rapidly from $78.5 million to $2.8 billion which has increase 34.9 percent. So casino industry activates the economic and the travel image of the country. Since 1998-2006, casinos gaming expenditure has stabilized at around $3 billion. They offer more and more thrilling game in the entertainment. In addition, they offer provide many non-gaming activities and facilities such as hotel rooms, restaurant, bars, banquet facilities and theatres. Therefore there are 7.8 billion customers who come from all over the world visited casino in Australia. Consequently this brings a perfect profit for casinos and government. In 2002 to 2008, the revenues increased $3.1 billion to 4.0 billion and the average revenues growth rate of 5.2 percent every year. In a research, there are about $1271 million dollar which has 40 per cent revenue come from table gaming and about $572 million dollar which has 18 per cent come from international VIP customers. Moreover, casinos also create about 19,737 jobs in Australia, and Crown casino is the largest single site employers in Victoria The Commonwealth and local governments won $1.2 billion total taxes from casinos in 2007 to 2008. Particularly, casinos not only need to pay general taxes collected by the different levels of local government on all businesses, casinos usually pay amount of special gambling taxes as well. There are different types of general taxes, which including Goods and Services Tax (GST), firm tax and payroll tax paid by casinos for usual operations. In current situation, Casinos leading the most highly taxed compare with other gaming providers in Australia. Casino paid thirty percent of all income for their taxes to the government in a single year of 2007 to 2008. Few industries can afford to pay so much tax as casino except the industries of tobacco, alcohol and luxury cars. Leading to the casino to pay such high taxes is because the casinos are required to pay a lot of taxation (gambling taxes, license fees and community levies) besides the general taxes by all other industries. Casino Contribution There are plenty of international evidence indicate that casinos contribution to national economic activity is mainly dependent on the casino led to the development of tourism. However, effective research shows that tourism and hotel sector has not been much affected by non-casino facets. The following research report is about the details found in Australian. 1. More than one million overseas tourists visits to Australian casinos and bring a number of 2.4 million consumptions in 2007 to 2008. 2. Overseas tourists who visited Australian casinos bring $4.9 billion total spent with an average of $4940 per tourist, during visits to Australia. This average consume value is in the extreme higher than overseas tourists who did not visited casino during the visit with the average consume value of $2630 per tourist. The total number of gambling consumption by overseas VIP program players is $553 million in the year of 2007 to 2008. It is estimated that casinos has spent a further $65 million to attract VIP program players, these players who are estimated to cost $121 million in Australia on non-casino consumption. 1. It is estimated that export to overseas VIP program players improved gross domestic product (GDP) by $84 million and private consumption by $225 million in year of 2007 to 2008. 2. To keep export of overseas VIP program players at the year of 2007 to 2008 level is prospective to improve Australias private expenditure by $1.8 billion over a decade. Casino employment There are 19 939 people working in Casinos in year of 2007 to 2008. It is making a significant contribution to employment in Australia. Two leading employment casinos are located in Victoria (Crown Melbourne) and WA (Burswood Entertainment Complex) respectively, which employ the largest proportion of employees. Licensed gaming staff is one of most important category in casino operation. There are closely 60 percentage of staff are employed in casino on a full time basis, about 15 percentage employed on a part time basis, and 25 percentage on a casual basis. Disadvantage of Casino industry: Problem Gambling From the Australia Productivity Commissions Inquiry into Australias Gambling Industries in 1999, it is indicating that the following points: 1. About 2.1 percentages of the Australian adults or among 293,000 people have a significant gambling problem. 2. On average around seven other people are affected by a serious problem gamblers behavior. It is around two million Australians. Problem Gambling is clearly a major public health issue in Australia. It is become a problem if someone spends more time or money than they can afford to, or if it is have a negative impact on their relationship. That is why just the minority country legislate the gambling is legal. Crime Rate With the growing of the casino industry, crime becomes another major negative impact. Casino is a place which can make a person bankruptcy in a short time; it may change a person in one night. So, the rate of crime may increase because of these factors. Also, the government adopt a lot, such as increase the number of police on duty at night, but the crime problem still have not work out in a perfect way. Conclusion: In conclusion, this report generally description the casino in Australia with several parts which includes the history of casino gambling, current state of casino, Impact on casino, industry of casino, and the advantages and disadvantages of casino as well. In order to more powerful support of our arguments, this article adopts the resources from Internet, chart and database. Moreover, with the development science and technology, improve the management has become more important to casino to create more entertainment facilities to meet the needs of the people, to stimulate the economy development. However, the industry is also a potential risks (social problems, crime). In order to prevent negative, the government should pay more attention on casino management and restrictions to seek better ways to adjust entertainment and gain enormous profit.

Consumer Association of Bangladesh

1. Introduction Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB), a non-government Non-political and non-profit voluntary organization was founded in February, 1978 at the initiation of some dedicated residents in Dhaka who was imbued with the ideas of consumerism, a movement that already took shape in many advanced countries in Europe and America. Primarily started as a social group to protect consumers from commodity adulteration and artificial price-hike it has gradually widened its scope to establish and safeguard consumers’ rights and interests in social, economic, health and environmental issues.CAB was registered with the Department of Social Services, Government of Bangladesh vide reg. No DHA-01247 dated 14 March 1983 and with the NGO Affairs Bureau vide reg. No. DSS/FDO/R-197 dated 2 March 1986. CAB is also a full member of Consumers International. It is funded by membership fees and by grants from donors. Organization Profile: Organization Name: CAB (Consumers Association o f Bangladesh) Member no: 761 Joining date: 15 Mar 1981Region: Asia Pacific Address: 8/6, Segunbagicha, Dhaka- 1000 Location: Bangladesh Type of Work: Campaigning and/or lobbying, Consumer Advice, Consumer Legislation, Dispute Resolution, Networking, Product Testing, Publishing, Research/Policy analysis. It has 500 regular and 100 associate members. Its mission is to empower Consumers with the knowledge and skills for the effective protection of their rights and interests.The major areas of CAB activities are: Consumer Information & Education, Surveillances & Monitoring on market prices and quality of essential commodities and utility services, consumer’s complaints handlings, campaign for safe foods and commodities, ethical drug promotion and safe environment, studies & research on consumer issues and problems, Advocacy and lobby with the government and policy makers for enactment of Consumer Protection Law. 2. Objectives of CAB: The major objectives of CAB are to: 1. make co nsumers aware of their rights and responsibilities; 2. romote consumer education, aiming at raising awareness of consumers against exploitation, and providing them with technical knowledge and support for real protection; 3. focus on consumers' problems and develop a spirit of mutual co-operation and understanding among different groups, associations, institutions, NGOs and government agencies functioning in the interests of the welfare of the people; 4. exchange information and knowledge of various actions about consumer protection with national and international organizations; 5. organize and set-up consumers associations and groups at the districts and thana level 6.Undertake research studies on consumer issues and problems. 7. Generate awareness among the consumers about their internationally recognized rights and responsibilities as consumers 8. Promote consumer education aiming at empowering consumers with the knowledge and skills on protection of their rights. 9. Enable consu mers to organize themselves in establishing and protecting their rights and interests through organized action. 10. Arrange for testing of products and commodities to make the market places safer and consumer friendly. 11.Provide mediation and legal support to the aggrieved consumers related to violation of their rights and interests involved in the purchase and use of commodities and services. 12. Foster and develop contacts and liaison with the national and international organizations having similar objectives. 13. Publish educational materials and feed consumers with information and knowledge on consumerism, consumer issues and problems. 3. Achievements: CAB activities in consumer education include mainly the publication of a monthly bulletin in Bangla titled Consumers' Voice to provide consumers with information of various consumer issues and problem.CAB also publishes a quarterly bulletin in English, which it distributes to different organizations at home and abroad. In additio n, it occasionally publishes pamphlets, folders, and leaflets on various consumer issues and problems and regularly prepares features and press releases for dissemination through the mass media. CAB regularly monitors the market prices of essential commodities and services to show the actual price situation in the market and keep prices within the purchasing power of general consumers.It runs a market monitoring cell, which regularly conducts market surveys and supplies relevant information to consumers through national dailies. CAB launched a ‘Dirty Dozen Campaign' against 12 most harmful pesticides. Earlier, there were no guidelines on the marketing of pesticides and it is because of the pressure created by CAB that the government had to formulate guidelines on the marketing of pesticides and publish them through a gazette notification. CAB also carried out studies on household insecticides and labeling of pesticides on packets.The organization was very vocal and active in c reating demand for formulating a National Drug Policy (NDP) and played an active role in the process of enactment of the NDP in 1982. Since then, CAB has been regularly monitoring the implementation of NDP and organizing promotional activities, especially relating to issues of inadequacy and poor services in the delivery of public health care. CAB started an anti-tobacco campaign in 1981. CAB is active in lobbying with the government for banning smoking in selected public places. CAB is also monitoring the implementation of the Breast Milk Substitute Ordinance enacted in 1984.CAB carries out campaigns in support of breastfeeding. CAB activities include organization of seminars, workshops, and group meetings, street processions, distribution of posters and leaflets, and publication of features in newspapers on environmental pollution and degradation as well as on safe road and transport systems. A routine activity of CAB is the formation and development of consumer for expansion of c onsumer movement at the division, district, thana and peripheral levels. These groups keep liaison with the national level and deal with consumer education and motivation and handle local consumer problems and issues.CAB runs a Complaint Centre to receive complaints from consumers and extends technical and legal support to them for redress. With a view to keeping the consumers informed about the daily market situation and other consumer issues and problems CAB runs a Consumer Information Centre, which has a small library attached to it. It conducts studies on important consumer issues such as commodity prices, use of BMS in hospitals and clinics, tobacco consumption, road accidents, violation of BMS ordinance, drug abuse and the like.It has been looking for the formulation of consumer protection laws in the country for a long time. CAB now concentrates its activities in the districts of Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Mymensingh, Gazipur, Manikganj, Bogra, Khulna and Barisal but has plan s to expand the activities in other districts of the country, too. Some of the achievements of CAB are as follows: The Milk Vita Company used to mix imported powder milk with cow’s milk and then market it as the cow’s milk.CAB exposed this malpractice, following which the company had to change its policy; CAB created considerable awareness among the people about harmful and unnecessary drugs long before the enactment of the National Drug Policy, which after being formulated, was popularized by CAB through a vigorous campaign; Since 1984, CAB has been conducting campaigns for the promotion and protection of breast feeding and has been an advocate for enactment and implementation of Bangladesh Breast Feeding Substitutes (marketing regulation) Ordinance, 1984; CAB was instrumental in the declaration of the Code of Pesticide Marketing and assisted in the creation of a committee to evaluate price situation, in the re-organization of the Bangladesh Standard Institute and pub lication of lists for standard certificates, and in creation of a committee to assess the adulteration position in edible oils; CAB was instrumental in the re-organization of the government's Environmental Pollution Control Department. The anti-tobacco campaign by CAB resulted in the introduction of warning against hazardous effects of smoking in cigarette advertisements; and CAB has been recognized as representative of consumers in numerous committees (both government and non-government) formed on different issues and subjects.CAB, however, faces a number of constraints such as inadequacy of funds, and a relatively slow response from communities and population groups that prevent consumer movement from gaining a solid ground, and a general weakness of consumers in terms of their awareness level and bargaining strength in purchases. CAB's success, therefore, remains minimal as their programmers often go against the interest of the business community, who enjoys near monopoly and has the opportunity to organize syndicated trade. 3. 1 Research Studies: Several research and survey works on consumer’s affairs are undertaken by CAB. Information dissemination to the stake holders and to the relevant government authorities are the routine practices. It helps the decision makers to take action and make remedial future action plan for assuring the rights of consumers in the country. Survey and research on â€Å"Awareness to the sellers and consumers regarding BSTI, and the certification marks system of BSTI† in the year of 2000. †¢Survey and research on â€Å"Awareness and the status of Bangladesh on keeping the consumers right† in the year of 2000. †¢Research on â€Å"Market food and packaged food† in the year of 2003. †¢Survey and research on â€Å"Unpackaged food in Dhaka city† in the year of 2003. †¢Survey and research on â€Å"Health service: The present status of Bangladesh (1. 5 years)† in the year of 2005. †¢Survey and research on â€Å"Public sentiment of sellers and consumers† in the year of 2005. †¢Survey report on â€Å"Livelihood expenses and pricing of product† in 1982- 2007). †¢Yearly survey report on â€Å"Accident on road and river transport† in (2000-2004). Survey and research on â€Å"The use of indigenous medicine† in the year of 2005. 3. 2 Campaign for Safe Environment: Women and children are the worst sufferers due to increasing environmental degradation and CAB undertakes programs to promote public awareness and their participation in the environmentally sustainable development. Campaign activities in the form of seminars, workshops, group meetings, rallies and street processions, production and distribution of educational materials, writing of features, press release etc. against air and water pollution, environmental degradation and other social abuses are organized on regular basis. 3. 3 Campaign against Tobacco:CAB h as been campaigning against production and marketing of tobacco since 1981 and it is through the continued and persistent endeavors of CAB that advertisement of cigarettes in Radio and TV has been banned and health hazards warning signals on cigarette packs has been introduced. CAB is a member of the Bangladesh Anti-tobacco Alliance and has been lobbying with the government for enactment of laws putting ban on smoking in public places as well as on advertisement of cigarettes in print media. This has, however, resulted in the enactment of Bangladesh Tobacco Control Law 2005. CAB has now started lobbying with the government for effective implementation of law and organizing campaign for raising public awareness on tobacco menace to bring about tangible reduction of tobacco use in the society. Read also: Padma Bridge